I find my child responds better to negative reinforcement. Which of the following should I try to get him to behave in parking lots?


a)

Praising my child for walking next to me


b)

Yanking on his hand when he tries to run away


c)

Giving him dessert after dinner every day he behaves well


d)

Lessening the pressure on his hand when he walks next to me


Unlike most behavior theorists, Albert Bandura suggested learning could also occur by



a)

Observation


b)

Conditioning


c)

Free Association


d)

Reinforcement


A young child is constantly climbing on a bookcase that is very tall, and his mother is worried he’ll pull the bookcase down on himself. She knows he is allergic to the smell of perfume, so she sprays it any time he's near the bookshelf.. Now he shakes his head and rubs his eyes when he’s near the bookshelf and goes to another part of the room. Which type of learning has been used on this child?



a)

Social Observational Learning Theory


b)

Operant Conditioning


c)

Psychoanalytic Theory


d)

Classical Conditioning


"I just don’t understand! I want my daughter to stop leaving her shoes in the hall when she gets home. Every day she leaves her shoes in the hall, I take away dessert after dinner. It’s been three weeks and she’s not even starting to put her shoes away.” According to Operant conditioning, what does this show?



a)

My daughter has a very long acquisition time


b)

My daughter cannot discriminate between shoes and dessert


c)

Taking away dessert is a reinforcement


d)

Taking away dessert is not a punishment


Pavlov conditioned dogs to salivate when they heard the sound of the bell. However, after several times of ringing the bell with no food appearing, the dogs quit salivating. Therefore, the conditioned reaction was



a)

Recovered


b)

Acquired


c)

Extinguished


d)

Discriminated